Best Practices for Long-Term Industrial Battery Storage

Category Tag: Maintenance & Safety

Correct long-term storage is crucial for preserving the capacity and operational lifespan of large industrial lithium-ion battery packs, such as those used in Energy Storage Systems (ESS) or automated industrial vehicles. The three critical factors that must be controlled are State of Charge (SoC) , Temperature , and Continuous Monitoring .

1. State of Charge (SoC)

Batteries should never be stored at a full charge (100% SoC) or completely depleted (0% SoC). The ideal range for long-term storage is typically between 30% and 50% SoC . Storing at high charge levels accelerates irreversible capacity fading, while deep discharge can lead to permanent cell damage.

2. Temperature Control

The storage environment must be climate-controlled. High temperatures accelerate internal degradation and chemical reactions within the battery. The recommended temperature range is typically $5^\circ \mathrm{C}$ to $25^\circ \mathrm{C}$ ($41^\circ \mathrm{F}$ to $77^\circ \mathrm{F}$). Extreme temperature fluctuations must be avoided, and good ventilation must be ensured.

3. Continuous Monitoring

Even during storage, the Battery Management System (BMS) should remain active to allow for regular checks of voltage levels and temperature. If the voltage of any single cell drops below the safe threshold, the pack must be immediately recharged to prevent permanent damage. Periodic inspection is a necessary requirement for maintaining long-term battery health.

Keywords: SoC, BMS, Thermal Management, Capacity Fading, Industrial Battery